VB(Visual Basic)开发小程序是一种通过可视化编程语言来制作简单的窗体式应用程序的编程技巧。这种编程语言的功能非常强大,通常被用于创建各种Windows应用程序,包括简单的文档处理程序,桌面工具,甚至游戏。本篇文章将详细介绍VB开发小程序下载的原理和步骤。
VB开发小程序下载的原理
VB编程语言是一种事件驱动的编程语言,开发者可以使用VB编写程序和控制用户界面,通过事件来响应用户的操作,并在必要的时刻向用户提供反馈。这些事件可以是用户鼠标或键盘的输入操作,或者是某些事件的发生,例如窗体的打开、关闭等。开发者可以通过VB来创建窗体应用程序,并且可以提供用户友好的界面。
VB开发小程序下载的步骤
1. 开始编写程序
在开始编写程序之前,我们需要安装VB 6.0开发环境。然后,在VB开发环境中创建新项目,选择“标准EXE”项目类型。
2. 创建用户界面
在VB中创建用户界面是非常简单的,开发者只需要运用窗体和控件,例如标签、按钮和文本框等,即可创建一个用户友好的应用程序。可以通过VB提供的窗体设计器来创建控件。
3. 添加下载功能
现在,我们需要添加下载功能。为此,我们需要一个可用于下载文件的VB控件。Http协议是网络上广泛使用的一种协议,我们可以使用此协议来下载文件。 VB可以使用Microsoft Wininet控件来下载文件。
4. 实例化Wininet组件
在程序中,我们必须使用Microsoft Wininet控件来下载文件。首先,需要在代码段的顶部添加语句:
Private Declare Function InternetOpen Lib "wininet.dll" _
Alias "InternetOpenA" _
(ByVal lpszAgent As String, _
ByVal dwAccessType As Integer, _
ByVal lpszProxyName As String, _
ByVal lpszProxyBypass As String, _
ByVal dwFlags As Integer) As Long
Private Declare Function InternetConnect Lib "wininet.dll" _
Alias "InternetConnectA" _
(ByVal hInternetSession As Long, _
ByVal lpszServerName As String, _
ByVal nServerPort As Integer, _
ByVal lpszUsername As String, _
ByVal lpszPassword As String, _
ByVal dwService As Integer, _
ByVal dwFlags As Integer, _
ByVal dwContext As Long) As Long
Private Declare Function HttpOpenRequest Lib "wininet.dll" _
Alias "HttpOpenRequestA" _
(ByVal hHttpSession As Long, _
ByVal lpszVerb As String, _
ByVal lpszObjectName As String, _
ByVal lpszVersion As String, _
ByVal lpszReferer As String, _
ByVal lplpszAcceptTypes As Long, _
ByVal dwFlags As Integer, _
ByVal dwContext As Long) As Long
Private Declare Function HttpSendRequest Lib "wininet.dll" _
Alias "HttpSendRequestA" _
(ByVal hHttpRequest As Long, _
ByVal lpszHeaders As String, _
ByVal dwHeadersLength As Integer, _
ByVal lpOptional As Long, _
ByVal dwOptionalLength As Integer) As Boolean
Private Declare Function InternetReadFile Lib "wininet.dll" _
(ByVal hFile As Long, ByVal lpBuffer As String, ByVal dwNumberOfBytesToRead As Long, _
ByRef lpNumberOfBytesRead As Long) As Boolean
Private Declare Function HttpAddRequestHeaders Lib "wininet.dll" _
Alias "HttpAddRequestHeadersA" _
(ByVal hHttpRequest As Long, _
ByVal lpszHeaders As String, _
ByVal dwHeadersLength As Integer, _
ByVal dwModifiers As Integer) As Boolean
Private Declare Function HttpQueryInfo Lib "wininet.dll" _
Alias "HttpQueryInfoA" _
(ByVal hHttpRequest As Long, _
ByVal dwInfoLevel As Integer, _
ByVal lpBuffer As String, _
ByRef lpdwBufferLength As Integer, _
ByRef lpdwIndex As Integer) As Boolean
Private Declare Function InternetCloseHandle Lib "wininet.dll" _
(ByVal hInet As Long) As Boolean
这些声明告诉VB我们将在程序中使用的Wininet组件。Wininet组件是一个微软提供的非常强大的网络操作组件,可以让我们使用HTTP、FTP、SMTP等协议进行一些网络操作。我们需要从一个URL下载文件,因此我们需要使用HTTP协议。
5. 实现VB小程序下载
了解Wininet组件后,我们就可以实现VB小程序下载。首先实例化Wininet组件,然后设置下载文件的URL地址。接着调用HttpOpenRequest函数,发送请求,然后使用InternetReadFile函数来将文件下载到本地磁盘。最后,我们需要关闭下载句柄,所有资源都会被释放。
Private Function DownloadFile(ByVal strSourceUrl As String, ByVal strDestPath As String) As Boolean
Dim bSuccess As Boolean
Dim hInet As Long
Dim hHttp As Long
Dim hReq As Long
Dim lSize As Long
Dim sHeader As String
bSuccess = False
hInet = InternetOpen( "", INTERNET_OPEN_TYPE_PRECONFIG, vbNullString, vbNullString, 0 )
If ( hInet <> 0 ) Then
hHttp = InternetConnect( hInet, strSourceUrl, INTERNET_DEFAULT_HTTP_PORT, "", "", INTERNET_SERVICE_HTTP, 0, 0 )
If ( hHttp <> 0 ) Then
sHeader = "Accept: */*" & vbCrLf
hReq = HttpOpenRequest( hHttp, "GET", strSourceUrl, "HTTP/1.0", "", 0, INTERNET_FLAG_NO_CACHE_WRITE, 0 )
If ( hReq <> 0 ) Then
HttpAddRequestHeaders hReq, sHeader, Len(sHeader), HTTP_ADDREQ_FLAG_ADD
If ( HttpSendRequest( hReq, "", 0, ByVal 0&, 0 ) <> 0 ) Then
If ( HttpQueryInfo( hReq, HTTP_QUERY_CONTENT_LENGTH, lSize, Len(lSize), 0 ) <> 0 ) Then
Dim sData As String
Dim lRead As Long
Dim lTotalBytesRead As Long
Dim iFile As Integer
iFile = FreeFile()
Open strDestPath For Binary As #iFile
Do
If ( InternetReadFile( hReq, sData, Len(sData), lRead ) = 0 ) Then
Exit Do
End If
If ( lRead > 0 ) Then
Put #iFile, , sData
lTotalBytesRead = lTotalBytesRead + lRead
End If
Loop
Close #iFile
bSuccess = True
End If
End If
InternetCloseHandle hReq
End If
InternetCloseHandle hHttp
End If
InternetCloseHandle hInet
End If
DownloadFile = bSuccess
End Function
6. 测试小程序下载功能
现在,将程序图标添加到窗体,并设置用户界面,添加“下载”按钮来触发下载功能。当用户单击“下载”按钮时,将执行上面的DownloadFile函数将文件下载到本地磁盘。
结论
VB开发小程序下载是一个非常简单但功能强大的方法。借助VB提供的窗体设计器和各种网路组件,我们可以很容易的创建出各种小程序。如果你感兴趣,可以通过进一步学习来开发更高级、更复杂的应用程序。